Solved paper of slamic Studies Of BA.BSC.B.COM Part 1 2023

Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, SHAHEED BENAZIRABAD

Dated 13-05-2024

Q:No :1-How the Holy Quran is excellent from other books? Prove it with examples?

Answer:-The Holy Quran is considered excellent among other books for several reasons:

*Unique Literary Style*: The Quran's eloquent Arabic prose is unmatched by any other book. Its rhythmic verses and linguistic beauty have captivated readers for centuries, transcending language barriers.

*Depth of Meaning*: The Quran contains profound insights and guidance applicable to all aspects of life. Its verses address fundamental truths about existence, morality, and human nature, offering timeless wisdom.

*Scientific Accuracy*: Despite being revealed over 1400 years ago, the Quran contains scientific truths that align with modern discoveries. For example, it describes embryonic development and the water cycle with remarkable accuracy.

*Consistency and Preservation*: The Quran has remained unchanged since its revelation, ensuring its message remains pure and unaltered over time. This preservation sets it apart from other religious texts that have undergone alterations.

*Universal Guidance*: The Quran provides comprehensive guidance for humanity, covering topics such as morality, spirituality, social justice, and governance. Its principles promote peace, compassion, and justice, making it relevant to people of all cultures and backgrounds.

These qualities make the Holy Quran stand out as a source of guidance, inspiration, and enlightenment, distinguishing it from other books.

Answer 

The Holy Quran is considered excellent and unique for several reasons. Here are some examples:

1. Unmatched Literary Style: The Quran's language and style are unparalleled, with a unique blend of poetry, prose, and rhyme. Its text is in Arabic, and its beauty and eloquence have been praised by scholars and literary critics for centuries.

2. Scientific Accuracy: The Quran contains descriptions of natural phenomena, such as the expansion of the universe (Quran 51:47), the water cycle (Quran 39:21), and the development of human embryos (Quran 23:12-14), which were unknown at the time of its revelation but have since been confirmed by scientific discoveries.

3. Historical Accuracy: The Quran contains accounts of historical events, such as the stories of prophets like Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, which are supported by archaeological and historical records.

4. Mathematical Structure: The Quran has a intricate mathematical structure, with chapters and verses that follow a precise numerical pattern, including the use of abjad numerals (assigning numerical values to letters).

5. Prophecies and Predictions: The Quran contains prophecies and predictions that have come true, such as the victory of the Romans over the Persians (Quran 30:2-4) and the discovery of the Quran's preservation and integrity (Quran 15:9).

6. Guidance and Wisdom: The Quran offers profound guidance and wisdom on ethics, morality, and spirituality, providing a comprehensive code of conduct for individuals and societies.

7. Miraculous Preservation: Despite being revealed over 1,400 years ago, the Quran's text has remained unchanged and preserved, with millions of copies worldwide containing the same exact text.

8. Universality: The Quran's message is universal, addressing all humanity, regardless of race, gender, or nationality, and its teachings are relevant and applicable to all times and places.

These examples demonstrate the excellence and uniqueness of the Holy Quran, setting it apart from other books and scriptures.

Q.2: The Charter of Madina is Called the ist written constitution of World.Discuss its importantance and main points.

Answer:-

The Charter of Medina, also known as the  Constitution of Medina, is indeed considered the first written constitution in the world. It was drafted by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in 622 CE, shortly after his migration to Medina. This document is of immense historical significance and importance, as it established the basis for a democratic and pluralistic society.

Main Points:

1. _Establishment of a State_: The Charter declared the formation of a sovereign state, with Medina as its capital.

2. _Rights and Responsibilities_: It outlined the rights and responsibilities of citizens, including equality, justice, and freedom of religion.

3. _Social Contract_: The Charter created a social contract between the Muslim immigrants (Muhajirun) and the native Medinan tribes (Ansar), promoting unity and cooperation.

4. _Governance and Leadership_: It established the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as the leader and mediator, with a council of advisors to assist in decision-making.

5. _Justice and Dispute Resolution_: The Charter laid out procedures for resolving disputes and administering justice, emphasizing fairness and equality.

6. _Protection of Minorities_: It guaranteed the protection of minority groups, including Jews, Christians, and pagans, and ensured their rights and freedoms.

7. _Defense and Security_: The Charter outlined the collective responsibility for defense and security, ensuring the protection of the community.

Importance:

1. _Democratic Principles_: The Charter of Medina introduced democratic principles, such as representation, consultation, and accountability, centuries before modern democratic systems.

2. _Human Rights_: It enshrined fundamental human rights, including equality, justice, and freedom of religion, which were revolutionary for its time.

3. _Pluralism and Coexistence_: The Charter promoted peaceful coexistence among diverse religious and ethnic groups, setting a precedent for multicultural societies.

4. _Historical Significance_: As the first written constitution, it has inspired and influenced political and social documents, including the United States Constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The Charter of Medina's importance lies in its pioneering approach to governance, human rights, and social cohesion, making it a foundational document in the development of modern political and social systems.

Q.3:-Discuss briefly the life of HOLY PROPHET MUHAMMAD P.B.U.H at Makkah?

The life of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) in Mecca (570-622 CE) can be summarized as follows:

- Born in Mecca in 570 CE to Abdullah and Aminah

- Orphaned at a young age and raised by his uncle Abu Talib

- Worked as a merchant and earned a reputation for honesty and integrity

- Received his first revelation from Allah through Gabriel in 610 CE

- Began preaching publicly, calling people to worship one God (Tawhid)

- Faced intense persecution and opposition from the Quraysh tribe

- Lost his wife Khadija and uncle Abu Talib, who were his main supporters

- Continued to preach and gather a small group of followers

- Received instructions from Allah to migrate to Madinah in 622 CE

This period in Mecca was marked by hardship, persecution, and struggle, but also saw the revelation of the Quran and the foundation of the Islamic community.

The life of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) in Makkah can be divided into two phases:

Phase 1 (570-610 CE):

- Born in Makkah in 570 CE

- Orphaned at a young age and raised by his uncle Abu Talib

- Worked as a merchant and earned the nickname "Al-Amin" (the trustworthy)

- Married Khadija, a wealthy businesswoman, and had six children

- Received his first revelation from Allah through the angel Gabriel in 610 CE

Phase 2 (610-622 CE):

- Began preaching publicly, calling people to worship one God (Tawhid)

- Faced intense persecution and opposition from the Quraysh tribe

- Lost his wife Khadija and uncle Abu Talib, who were his main supporters

- Continued to preach and gather a small group of followers, including Abu Bakr, Umar, and Ali

- Received instructions from Allah to migrate to Madinah in 622 CE, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar (Hijri calendar)

Throughout his life in Makkah, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) faced immense challenges and hardships, but remained steadfast in his mission to spread the message of Islam. His patience, compassion, and perseverance serve as an inspiration to millions of Muslims around the world.

LIFE OF HOLY PROPHET MUHAMMAD (saww) at MAKKAH - 

The Prophet Muhammad, may Allah shower His blessings and peace upon him, was born in Makkah on Monday, the 12th of Rabl'ul Awwal in the spring season in the Year of the Elephants (when Makkah Al-Mukarramah was attacked with an army comprising elephants), corresponding to 22 April 571 CE, between the dawn and the sunrise. When the guests inquired of him the name of the child, Abdul Muttalib mentioned that he had named his grandson Muhammad (the Praised One). Abdul Muttalib explained that he, in fact, wished his grandson to be known in the world as a person deserving genuine appreciation and acclaim.

Babyhood Days:

In those days the rich and the noble used to send their newborn babies to neartiy villages to be raised among the bedouin so that the children could acquire eloquence in the Arabic language and learn the traditional Arab values from them. A few days after the birth of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), some women from the Hawazin tribe came to Makkah in search of such babies. The mother of the Prophet (pbuh) wanted her to take the Prophet (pbuh) and raise him under her care in her village. So, ultimately, she accepted the request of Hazrat Amena and took Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) with her. But as in those days an epidemic had spread in Makkah, Hazrat Amena asked her to keep the baby (pbuh) with her for some more time. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) loved S'adiya Haleema very much. The Prophet (pbuh) told him that the day would come soon when he would show him that he told the truth.

Death of mother and grandfather and security of Abu Talib:

When Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was six years old, his mother Amena took him to Medina with her. She stayed there in the Najjar family, who were related to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) from his paternal side. Umm Ayman brought Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) to Makkah. When he died at the age of eighty-two, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was eight years old. When his bier was being carried to the graveyard, the Prophet (pbuh) followed weeping out of love for his dead guardian, At the time of his death, Abdul Muttalib entrusted the responsibility of the Prophets guardianship to his son Abu Talib. Abu Talib loved the Prophet (pbuh) very dearly and preferred him even to his children. When Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was approximately ten, he used to take a herd of goats out in the field to graze. Once when the Prophet (pbuh) went to a forest with his Companions, they started picking berries and eating them. The Prophet (pbuh) was about twelve when Abu Talib planned to travel to Syria on a business trip. He did not wish to take Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) with him for the fear of the hardships of the journey, or for some other reason. But when Abu Talib was about to leave, the Prophet (pbuh) grabbed him

and held him tight out of love for him.

Marriage with Hazrat Khadija:

Khadija was a widow living in Makkah, who had a very noble lineage. She was very rich and used to run her own business. When she heard about the Prophets honesty, trustworthiness, and good management, she offered him to work for her and do a business for her that she would finance. The Prophet (pbuh) traveled to Syria with her merchandise on a business trip, which turned out to be very profitable. A slave of Khadija, may Allah be pleased with her, called Mascara was with the Prophet (pbuh) in that journey. On his return he told her about the good qualities and nobleness of the Prophet (pbuh) that he had witnessed during the journey. Impressed by his qualities, she herself proposed to the Prophet (pbuh) and entered into marriage with him, although she had turned down the proposal of renowned chiefs earlier.

Q.No 4: What do you know about the Day of Judgment? Discuss  Its Impact on Human Society?

Answer :The Day of Judgment, or "Yawm al-Qiyamah" in Arabic, holds immense significance in Islam and has a profound impact on human life. It is a fundamental belief in Islamic theology and serves as a cornerstone of faith for Muslims. The importance of the Day of Judgment can be understood in several ways:

Accountability:

The Quran states: “God has created death and life to test which one of you is best in conduct.” (THE QURAN 67: 1)

 The Day of Judgment represents the ultimate accountability for one's actions in this world. Muslims believe that on this day, every individual will be brought before Allah to account for their deeds, both good and bad. This belief serves as a powerful motivator for moral behavior and righteousness in this life.

Justice: The Day of Judgment is a manifestation of Allah's perfect justice. On this day, all injustices will be rectified, and every individual will receive fair recompense for their actions. This belief provides solace to those who have suffered injustices in this world and serves as a reminder that ultimate justice lies with Allah.

Eternal Life: The Day of Judgment marks the beginning of the afterlife, where individuals will either be rewarded with eternal paradise or punished with eternal hellfire based on their beliefs and deeds. This belief in the afterlife serves as a source of hope and fear, motivating believers to strive for goodness and righteousness in anticipation of the eternal reward.

Meaning and Purpose: The belief in the Day of Judgment gives meaning and purpose to human existence. It reminds believers that life in this world is temporary and that the ultimate goal is to attain success in the hereafter. This belief encourages Muslims to prioritize spiritual growth, moral integrity, and service to others in their pursuit of salvation.

Overall, the belief in the Day of Judgment profoundly shapes the worldview and behavior of Muslims, inspiring them to live lives of faith, righteousness, and accountability.

Q.No:-Write short Notes on any TWO of following?
(a) Unity of Muslim Ummah

The unity of the Muslim Ummah (global Muslim community) is a cherished ideal in Islam, emphasizing the importance of solidarity, harmony, and cooperation among Muslims worldwide. It is based on the Quranic verse "And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided" (3:103).

Key aspects of Muslim unity include:

1. Shared faith: Belief in one God (Tawhid) and the prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him).

2. Brotherhood: Muslims are encouraged to treat each other with kindness, compassion, and respect.

3. Solidarity: Supporting and standing with fellow Muslims in times of need and hardship.

4. Cooperation: Working together for the betterment of the Muslim community and humanity at large.

5. Forgiveness and mercy: Letting go of grudges and forgiving one another for mistakes and shortcomings.

Unity among Muslims is crucial for:

1. Strength and resilience

2. Promoting peace and justice

3. Addressing common challenges and threats

4. Preserving Islamic values and heritage

5. Presenting a united front in the global arena

By embracing unity, Muslims can overcome divisions, foster a sense of belonging, and work towards a brighter future for all.

(B) Prayer ( نماز)

Prayer (Salah) is one of the five pillars of Islam and a fundamental aspect of a Muslim's life. It is a direct connection between the individual and Allah, and is obligatory for all Muslims who have reached the age of puberty.

Here are the five daily prayers:

1. Fajr (dawn prayer)

2. Zhuhr (noon prayer)

3. Asr (afternoon prayer)

4. Maghrib (sunset prayer)

5. Isha (night prayer)

Key elements of prayer include:

1. Intention (Niyyat)

2. Purification (Wuzu or Ghusl)

3. Facing the direction of the Kaaba (Qibla)

4. Recitation of the Quran and other prayers

5. Bowing (Ruku) and prostration (Sajdah)

6. Conclusion with the Taslim

Prayer is a means of:

1. Expressing gratitude and humility

2. Seeking guidance and forgiveness

3. Cultivating mindfulness and self-awareness

4. Strengthening faith and connection with Allah

5. Finding peace and tranquility

Remember, prayer is a powerful tool for spiritual growth and development, and is a vital part of a Muslim's daily life.

C.Respect Of Parents:-

Respect for parents is a fundamental value in Islam and is considered a crucial aspect of a Muslim's character. The Quran emphasizes the importance of treating parents with kindness, compassion, and gratitude.

Here are some key verses and hadiths (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) that highlight the significance of respecting parents:

- "And your Lord has decreed that you not worship except Him, and to parents, good treatment." (Quran 17:23)

- "We have enjoined upon man goodness to parents." (Quran 29:8)

- "A parent is the best of the gates of Paradise; if you wish, you may lose them or keep them." (Hadith)

- "Paradise lies under the feet of your mother." (Hadith)

Respecting parents includes:

- Obedience and compliance

- Providing for their needs and well-being

- Showing gratitude and appreciation

- Taking care of them in old age

- Praying for their forgiveness and mercy

Respecting parents is a means of:

- Earning Allah's pleasure and reward

- Strengthening family bonds and unity

- Learning valuable life lessons and values

- Developing empathy and compassion

- Gaining a higher status in the Hereafter

Remember, respecting parents is a lifelong obligation and a fundamental aspect of a Muslim's faith.